Skip to main content

Where did Earliest Christians Meet?

This is blog post from Larry Hurtado who has spent tons of time write about and resreaching the early origins of Christianity. If you want the original blog post click here.


For some time now, the general view has been that earliest Christians met (e.g., for group worship) in houses, at least mainly. In a newly-published study, Dr. Edward Adams (Kings College London) queries this, contending that the evidence for this view isn’t as solid and consistent as commonly thought, and that the extant evidence suggests instead a variety of settings. The book results from a research project that extended over a few years, and should be considered carefully by anyone seriously interested in the question: The Earliest Christian Meeting Places: Almost Exclusively Houses? (London: T&T Clark/Bloomsbury, 2013).
Adams first (Part 1) reviews the evidence for use of houses as Christian meeting-places (NT texts, extra-canonical texts, archaeological evidence, and “comparative evidence,” i.e., places used by other religious groups of the Roman period). Clearly, houses were, at least sometimes, the locale for early Christian gatherings. But Adams argues that the evidence does not justify the view that “house churches” were the rule.
In Part 2, Adams reviews indications of the use of other types of spaces: “retail, industrial & storage spaces,” “commercial, hospitality and leisure spaces,” and “outdoor spaces and burial places.”
Adams also considers the place of communal meals in earliest Christian worship-gatherings, confirming that such meals “were central to the worship of the early Christians” (201).
Expressing a “basic agreement” with the three-stage schematization of ecclesiastical architecture (domestic homes, adapted homes, purpose-built church structures), Adams urges, however, “an expanded understanding of the first and second phases” to allow a greater variety of kinds of spaces used in the very earliest period. (Cf. L. M. White, The Social Origins of Christian Architecture, Vol. 1: Building God’s House in the Roman World, Trinity Press International, 1990.)
But Adams questions whether the term “house churches” should continue to be used at all for early Christian groups. The expression isn’t found in ancient texts, and he finds the it “deeply associated with the modern house church movement” so that “in applying it to early churches, it is difficult to avoid thereby implying that they are homologous with house churches of modern times.” So, he urges, “the category ‘house church/churches’ should be dropped altogether from New Testament and Early Christian studies” (202).
Adams has engaged a long-standing view, and is likely to generate some animated discussion. It will be interesting to see how this goes. But the detail and depth of Adams’ own analysis call for a careful weighing of his case.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Thoughts on The Widening of God's Mercy by Hays and Hays

When I heard about the book by Hays and Hays titled The Widening of God Mercy I was intrigued. I had read Richard Hays' book The Moral Vision of the New Testament in seminary, especially the chapter on homosexuality. I ended up adopting much, if not all, of Hays' position on homosexuality and often used his reasoning while serving as a church minister.  I have read other things that Richard Hays has written such as Reading Backwards: Figural Christology and the Fourfold Gospel Witness and found it beneficial to my understanding of Jesus and what it means to be a follower of Jesus. When it was suggested that Richard Hays might have changed his mind about what he wrote in  The Moral Vision of the New Testament  on homosexuality, I wanted to find out for myself.  My Context I spent over ten years doing youth ministry in the local church. I now know many adults who used to be teenagers in my youth group. Some of those adults are gay or lesbian. That means unbeknownst ...

Worshiping the executioner part 1 (Suffering and Faith)

The brother kept yelling "I did this" as I opened the door to one of the hospital family consultation rooms. Maybe you have sat in a room like this and received some not-so-good news. Rooms such as these tend to be basic. A few not-so-comfy chairs, a drab paint job, and odd abstract artwork on the walls.  I had asked the family members, who had been seated in the ER waiting area, to follow me to the family room. I told them that the doctor wanted to give them an update on how their loved one was doing. The family gathered up their belongings and nervously began to follow me. The family consisted of two adults, a baby, and two girls. One of the girls was the daughter of the patient that the doctor needed to give an update on.  She was a cute little girl. Probably about four or five years old. She had messy wavy short blond hair and green eyes. She was wearing a pale pink shirt with little white flower prints and a matching pair of pants. She had a pair of Crocs-style pink shoe...

Worshiping the Executioner part 2 (Suffering and Faith)

The medical staff quietly and somberly removed all the medical lines and devices from the 48-hour-old baby. The baby's mother and father wanted to hold their child for the first time. Removing all the medical devices meant that their child would live only a few moments. Holding your child for the first time should be a joyful occasion. Instead of this moment being a kind of introduction between parent and child it was a goodbye. The baby's body was simply not set up to survive and thrive.  After removing all the medical equipment the little one was wrapped in a blanket and gently handed into the arms of the mother. The room went silent as the mother softly repeated "Mommy and Daddy love you" while she wept. The baby's father wept and kissed his newborn on the forehead. Other family members in the room started to cry as well. Once the little one had passed the family gathered together to pray. After composing himself, one of the older men in the family offered a pr...